What is this Condition?
This chronic skin disorder is characterized by superficial skin inflammation and intense itching. Although atopic dermatitis may appear at any age, it typically begins during infancy or early childhood. It may then disappear spontaneously, followed by flare-ups in late childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. Atopic dermatitis affects approximately 0.7% of the population.
What Causes it?
The cause of atopic dermatitis is still unknown. However, several theories attempt to explain its cause. One theory suggests an underlying metabolic- or biochemical-induced skin disorder genetically linked to elevated serum immunoglobulin E levels; another suggests defective T-cell function.
Exacerbating factors of atopic dermatitis include irritants, infections (commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus), and some allergens. Although no reliable link exists between atopic dermatitis and exposure to inhaled allergens (such as household dust and animal dander), exposure to food allergens (such as soybeans, fish, or nuts) may coincide with Hare-ups of atopic dermatitis.
What are its Symptoms?
Scratching the skin intensifies itching, resulting in red, weeping lesions. Eventually, the lesions become scaly. Usually, they’re found on the neck, inside the elbows, and behind the knees and ears. People with atopic dermatitis are prone to unusually severe viral infections, bacterial and fungal skin infections, eye complications, and allergic contact dermatitis.
How is it Diagnosed?
Typically, the person has a history of allergies, such as asthma, hay fever, or hives; family members may have a similar history. Lab tests show an increase in the white blood cells active in hypersensitivity responses and elevated serum immunoglobulin E.
How is it Treated?
Measures to ease this chronic disorder include meticulous skin care, environmental control of offending allergens, and drug therapy. Because dry skin aggravates itching, frequent application of nonirritating skin lubricants is important, especially after bathing or showering. Minimizing exposure to allergens and irritants, such as wools and harsh detergents, also helps control symptoms.
Drug therapy involves corticosteroids and antipruritics. Active dermatitis responds well to topical corticosteroids such as Synalar and Cordran. These drugs should be applied immediately after bathing for the best penetration. Oral antihistamines, especially the phenothiazine derivatives such as Tacaryl and Temaril, help control itching. A bedtime dose of antihistamines may reduce involuntary scratching during sleep. If secondary infection develops, antibiotics are necessary.
Because this disorder may frustrate the person and strain family ties, counseling may playa role in treatment .
What can a person with atopic dermatitis do?
• Avoid factors that trigger this condition.
• Maintain good personal hygiene.
• Be alert for signs and symptoms of secondary infection.